3 comments about The Handbook of Loan Syndications and Trading.

1. The book is strictly meant for those professionals involved in the field of putting together one of these loan arrangements or in doing trading of the created loans in a secondary market. It appears comprehensive, at least to a layman. And even for the latter, much of the text can be intelligible with careful parsing.
   
   The biggest contrast between loans and stocks and bonds arises when considering trading. Stocks are, in some sense, fungible. So too with bonds. But the authors point out that this is certainly not so with loans. Each loan is often customised. Which adds a complexity that can defy easy valuations for trading purposes. To wit, a key section of the text addresses how to price such loans. Non-trivial.



2. I recently received and read The Handbook of Loan Syndications and Trading. I purchased it because I am a lawyer who has recently begun working in the real estate and mortgage loan trading area, and wanted to get some deeper background on the loan sales and trading business operations of the financial institution clients I serve.
   
   The Loan Sales and Trading Association (LSTA), the trade association for the loan sales and trading industry, has outdone itself with this fine book, which is a model of clarity which will set the standard in this field for years to come. It has contributions from a host of top experts in this field. In 20 years of practicing law, this work is by a country mile the most comprehensive and clearest professional book I have ever read. It does exactly the job I needed of providing the business background for a lawyer who works in this area. It would also be of great value to people who work in the financial services industry who work in the loan sales and trading area, as well as to those who work in other financial services areas who need to understand the expansive growth and functioning of the loan sales and trading field.
   
   I cannot recommend this superb book highly enough.



3. The Handbook of Loan Syndications and Trading should be required reading for banking lawyers, bankers and borrowers. As a law school professor teaching in this area and former banking lawyer, the book opens up an area that is quickly transforming and changing the world's credit and lending markets. I found the book to be highly readable, concise and extremely helpful. The book is equally as valuable for the expert as well as the novice.
   
   Although the LSTA helped drive its publication, the book is not a shill for the loan syndication market. Instead, its involvement has served as a catalyst to enlist authors who are truly the best and the brightest in this area. Without its involvement, many of these authors would probably never have participated in such an undertaking.
   
   The book is valuable on both a micro and macro basis. It provides an excellent overview of the loan syndications market, helping the reading to appreciate and understand its depth, development and sophistication. On a micro level, the Handbook provides detailed analysis and instruction for those involved in negotiating and trading loans on a day to day basis. The Handbook is also easily accessed, with an excellent table of contents, index and glossary, allowing the reader to pick and choose topics of interest.
   
   Christian Johnson
   Law Professor, Loyola University Chicago School of Law

5 comments about Beyond Growth: The Economics of Sustainable Development.

1. Don't miss reading this book! When I read conventional economics, I constantly find myself asking why most economists use such ridiculous assumptions. Herman Daly's book tells why, and gives a start of what to do about it. Mr. Daly's work convinced me that economics will soon be undergoing a revolution like that of physics in the time of Einstein. As a patent attorney with a biochemistry degree, I can tell you that Mr. Daly is right on the money when he discusses the importance to humanity's future of discarding GNP as an economic measure. If you didn't realize before that understanding entropy is essential to economics, Mr. Daly will tell you. There is plenty of other great stuff here, too.
   I don't agree with all of Mr. Daly's points. One of his major themes is that being truly concerned about the environment and the future of humanity requires reverence for the Earth as God's creation. Since I am an atheist, and I am very concerned about the environment and the future of humanity, I find this viewpoint a little hard to swallow. Don't let that stop you from reading this great book, though.



2. I can't say enough about how moved I was by this book. Having worked in a corporate setting for a number of years, I have wondered how growth can always be the goal of business and how the world can keep expanding and still accommodate everyone's needs. Herman Daly breaks down the problems with economic growth and how fraudulent it is for measuring economic health. Daly advocates sustainable development from a number of economic and social angles. His explanations become abstract at times, but he effectively challenges established economic thinking and offers alternatives.
   
   Without recognition of physical ecological parameters, economic growth as we know it, including GNP, does not measure economic reality. The concept met with opposition from economists at the World Bank where Mr. Daly once worked (as of the mid-1990s when this book was written). The book starts with a passionate rebuttal to the World Bank and their "preanalytic vision" that the economy operates separately from the environment. In the remainder of the book his frustration is aimed more broadly at neoclassical western economists for ignoring the environment and the laws of thermodynamics. A great example is not accounting for environmental costs during the "throughput" process where products go from raw material to final waste.
   
   I learned how important size or "scale" of macroeconomics is, but not accounted for even though it is surpassing the "carrying capacity" of our planet. Daly refutes modern developments such as an "information economy," to replace depleted resources. Also, lack of natural materials can't be substituted with efficiency: "One cannot substitute efficient cause for material cause--one cannot build the same wooden house with half the timber no matter how many saws and carpenters one tries to substitute," (p. 76).
   
   Globalization, Daly argues, opposes the goal of sustainable development as does free trade, overpopulation, and inequality, all of which are closely analyzed. Globalization and free trade came across to me as particularly harmful because they limit a nation's ability to protect its people, culture, and environment. Daly recommends "maximum wage" to limit inequality. Justification for this concept uses biblical references in a religious-based section, which might seem inappropriate for an economics book, but I found the points made important and well presented.
   
   His solutions for change have the goal of creating a "steady state" economy. With such an economy, humans are able to live on the earth and use amounts of the resources that can be maintained indefinitely. This difficult goal includes principles that may seem radical like population control and limiting inequality. But accounting for our environmental costs in our economy is not radical; it's common sense.
   
   I appreciate the perspective the book takes because it proves that the loss of natural resources isn't just anti-ecological, but also anti-economical. Probably one of the most important books I've ever read.



3. this book is good enough to get a good view of how SD is going and should go. Though much has changed since this book has been published. Globalization has taken SD in directions that were not previously predicted.



4. This book is well worth reading for Daly's explanation of "ecological economics." Rather than looking at the economy as a system existing in a vacuum, where an infinite amount of exchanges are possible to create an infinite amount of economic growth--as neo-classical economists believe--Daly places the economy within the physical environment. This environment of course is a place of limits: limits on raw materials and limits on places to store pollution. Thus, Daly shows that the economy must observe limits too.
   
   Common sense, right? Yet, our whole economy is premised on the opposite idea, that we can just keep growing forever. Think of compound interest and then move on from there and you get the idea of how pervasive growth is in our economic mindset today. Offering an alternative is what makes Daly's theory radical.
   
   But the bonus in the book comes at the very end, where Daly offers economics (rightly understood with limits) as the intermediary between the physical world and religious belief. The latter, Daly believes, is necessary to offer humans the inspiration we need to radically change our current society and save our species. Some parts of the text are rough going, but if you're not an economist you can skim them to get to Daly's truly novel integration of heart and head.



5. I've read a *lot* of economics books in recent years, some good, some not. But Daly's is really in a class by itself for seeing the big picture and explaining it clearly: traditional economics is broken. Neoclassical economics today is like high energy physics: all the trusty laws that held so true in normal energy physics, or 19th and 20th century economies, mysteriously start to fail us. I love the simple, yet compelling logic of Daly's insight: take the existing neoclassical model of economics--the circular flow of income between households and firms--and then draw a box around it, to acknowledge that the world is of finite size. Once you do that, analyze however you wish...the recognition of a finite world leads inexorably to the notion of an optimum size for the national and global economy. I like how Daly uses tools from mainstream economics to make the point: we all remember from Microeconomics that every firm has an optimal size, based on the size of the overall economy. Economics has the notion of limits to growth embedded already, we just need collectively to apply that logic without flinching.
   
   Something that impressed me was how Daly in 1997 used his intellectual model to forecast the concentration of asset ownership in the U.S., with the consequence of increasing class disparity and declining real wages for the middle class. That would have seemed like outlandish poppycock in the mid-90s, but now in 2007, lo and behold, it's coming to pass (per the CIA and the Economic Policy Institute, and BLS.gov statistics) for all the reasons Daly outlined 10 years ago. The man is onto something, and policymakers would do well to listen to him.
   
   Even better, I think, is that reading between the lines of Daly's book there is a real and believable message of hope. The world of the future that acknowledges limits, and embraces development over growth (think "quality" not "quantity" of the economy as the goal) is a better place than the world we live in today. Instead of the world becoming a planetary Los Angeles or Hong Kong, where life is crowded, expensive, polluted and mean, what I took away from Daly's book was a clear intellectual architecture for a world that is beautiful, full of possibilities for interesting life work, and full of hope and things to look forward to. I sincerely hope that Daly's vision helps shape the world my daughter grows up in.

5 comments about From Third World to First : The Singapore Story: 1965-2000.

1. I thoroughly enjoyed this book by Lee Kuan Yew. Besides being a genious at governing the man is a gifted writer. The book is full of information for those, like me, that were curious about how this gentleman, along with his associates, pulled out the feat of transforming an underdeveloped society into a model society. He, almost singlehandedly, achieved what other countries and societies with far more resources only dream of. Pick this book if you wish to learn and, at the same time, be entertained.



2. I loved this book. Lee is insightful and a great writer.
   
   His chapter on Taiwan, however, was mad hypocrisy. He critices Taiwan for "pulling away" by teaching in schools primarily the history/geography of the island instead of China, as before. Funny this is coming from a guy known for getting rid of all Chinese-language universities in Singapore. He spoke about ensuring he brought Malays along in his trip to China, and conducting meetings in English, to ensure China recognizes Singapore's unique identity.
   
   Also funny was Lee KY's attributing Lee Teng-hui's provocative behavior to Lee TH's Japanophilia and being "powered" by the spirit of the Bushido warrior." Yet throughout the book Lee KY talks about how British he is, e.g., his habit of drinking tea in the morning! Furthermore, he spoke of the great sentiments associated with attaining British knighthood, which according to him, was the greatest honor he had ever received. I couldn't help laugh when reading the British knight accuse the Bushido warrior of Japanophilia, when he himself is brimming with Anglophilia.



3. great book. lee is the most impressive character i've ever read in history book.



4. This book is a detailed account of Singapore's history beginning from its independence and its development to a first world country under Lee Kuan Yew's leadership, and the second part is Lee's diplomatic relationships with different nations and his dealings and views on their leaders.
   
   It is a very entertaining and insightful read, Lee goes deep into details in problems looming over Singapore in its infancy and in developing the nation to feed its population. How he tried to persuade the British to maintain its military base there to protect Singapore from its two dangerous neighbours and communism from China and in within, and when failed how he placed utmost importance in building a working army to defend itself.
   
   Lee realizes the importance of a clean and competent government, whereby he believes a good paycheck would help curb corruption and an anti-corruption agency with a high degree of power was formed to further prevent it. He was able to gather a group of honest and able people to form an efficient government, which was vital in building any nation.
   
   He created a safe and secure environment through the rule of law and honest public administration to attract foreign direct investment to build up factories in Singapore, this was essentially the main driver behind Singapore's phenomenal growth. Through this he created thousands of jobs and gave the Singaporeans adequate livings.
   
   He knows the importance of human resources given that's the only resource Singapore has, he stresses on education and the English language to effectively connect Singapore to the world. He had to close down the Chinese-speaking Nanyang University because most graduates had a hard time finding job.
   
   He also gave explanations on some of his rather controversial actions in suing newspapers and political opponents, which seem reasonable.
   
   Overall, he has done a remarkable job in creating an honest and efficient government, a sound legal system with the rule of law, excellent infrastructure and he was able to provide jobs and a good living to his people. All these are the factors to Singapore's miraculous transformation. And on top of that, he retired from his prime ministerial post and passed on the baton, albeit still holding a senior minister post.
   
   All in all, Lee has done a spectacular job in transforming Singapore to the only other first world country in Asia aside from Japan, heads off to him.



5. The book is very good in its sincere attempt to delivery the story on how Singapore was built. Perhaps with an intention, on the side, to 1) lay down guidelines that other asian countries could follow, and 2) further promote Singapore to foreign investors. His emphasis on discipline and strict public policies--that may be deemed oppressive in other countries--to jumpstart progress could be well-intentioned points as well. The reader cannot miss the pride on every passage that highlights the successes of Singapore as a small state-country.
   
   But not everyone can agree with Lee Kwan Yew's setting-aside, for example, of a free press. Freedom of expression is a right; the fruits of progress is not complete without it.
   
   An authoritarian government cannot hide, as well, the hypocrisy that is probably vital to compromise certain liberties, in exchange for a 'highway' towards progress. Sometimes one can also see how money is used in Singapore to discipline, and as a only parameter in decision. One case in point: a young professional Singaporean shared a story that Lee Kwan Yew once pompously said that as long as he is alive, there will be no casino in Singapore. Well, yes, he is still right, there are two casinoes now being built simultaneously in the Marina area! And what with the Geylang red-light district that the government has to acknowledge quasi-legally? Is the rationale for both of these is that they are still business ventures that Singapore will still profit from in the end?
   
   Lee's omission of his own compromises/hypocrisy in fact weakens the book's commentary and criticism of other countries' priorities. (He has tons of advise and lay downs on neigbors in southeast asia--taiwan, philippines, malaysia). Singapore is known as a good place to work at, but not to live in.
   
   The book is very thick. Ive concentrated most of the history on early Singapore (good read!) and some opinions on the state of asian countries today. There are some repetitions and convolutions as well. I think this book could have used a good editor before publishing.
   
   Still a good buy, but 3 stars only for not being as in-your face that I would have personally wanted. Hypocrisies that he should still acknowledge (and explain).

4 comments about Complete Idiot's Guide to Money for Teens.

1. The Complete Idiot's Guide to Money for Teens by Susan Shelly is a book for people who want to take control of their money. It presents information on topics such as why money is so important in our society, how one can go about earning money, and other topics such as budgeting, debt and investing. The author provides concrete information that is beneficial for any teen who wants to become familiar with the basics of financial management. Shelly writes on the level of a teen-ager, short and to the point. She leaves out the extra, useless information that would cause narcolepsy in most of today's teenaged population. Shelly goes into detail about how to "make your money work for you." She talks about the benefits and disadvantages of different types of savings accounts, checking accounts, and money market accounts. The Complete Idiot's Guide to Money for Teens is a great book for anybody who wants to be more financially savvy. The essential information it provides will send any teen on his or her way to a financially successful future.



2. The Complete Idiot's Guide to Money for Teens by Susan Shelly is really easy to understand especially for teens. Lots of useful tips on how to earn, save and spend money. Thumbs up to this great book that will continue to help teens out there to get a head start and be financially healthy!



3. I recommend this book to all you teens out there who are interested in money. A few topics the book discusses are
   
   *How one can go about earning money
   *Budgeting
   *Investment
   *Discusses the difference between banks accounts



4. Almost everyday I meet an adult who is having problems controlling their money. (They make mistakes like using credit cards to purchase items they can't afford or they don't really need.) This book gives teens practical information about how to control their money before their spending gets out of control. This information is crucial for teens to learn while they are young because sadly one of the major causes of divorce is one or both spouses not being able to control money. This is the required book for the Personal Finances course of Teen U.

5 comments about Quantitative Trading Strategies: Harnessing the Power of Quantitative Techniques to Create a Winning Trading Program (McGraw-Hill Traders Edge Series).

1. I must agree with reviewer Ira Balli from London below. This book lacks substantive information regarding the quantitative methods and therefore is merely an introduction to quant ideas that have been discussed in the marketplace. Of course, anyone who might have proprietary and successful quant methods would be foolhardly to disclose them, so one should not expect that from any public writer.
   
   As an alternative, some of the chapters covering quant strategies in "Trade Like a Hedge Fund : 20 Successful Uncorrelated Strategies & Techniques to Winning Profits" by James Altucher may be easier to read as introductory work.



2. It really depends upon how you interpret the three title words. I have to agree with others here. An author should keep in mind her reputation first before collecting money from book buyers.



3. this book is required reading for the quant part of the CAIA. It really has nothing to quant trading strats. Dust off all your old grad math books in prob theory, review your calc and linear alg.. learn PDE, ODE, SDE.. and how this relates to huge number of assets and derivatives. At that point your ready to understand stuff thats been around since fischer black.. all the new stuff that works.. well you can always knock on Citadel's or SAC door and ask them if well give away there secrets to you.



4. I agree with several others here. This book should be called "Technical Analysis with Backtesting". It is required reading for the CAIA, and that is unfortunate. I am going to write to the CAIA people and ask them to change it to Modern Investment Management by Litterman or something comparable.
   If you are looking for quantitative buy-side ideas, please compare this to "Active Portfolio Management" by Grinold and Kahn, or "Modern Investment Management" by Litterman, or "Quantitative Equity Portfolio Management" by Qian, Hua, and Sorensen before buying.
   If you are looking for a framework for possible alpha ideas, read those other books. You are unlikely to find it in this current book -- 1) the backtests here are not set up for alpha, and 2) consistent outperformance through actively varying market beta, as recommended, is unlikely and, even if you do outperform, leads to lower average Sharpe ratios with a wider dispersion, as compared to alpha strategies.
   This book has all the usual suspects: the story about Richard Dennis and his training program, Gann, Welles Wilder, Larry Williams, Edwards and Magee. It is amusing when the author tries to link all this with organizations like Citadel and Renaissance. Jim Simons was one of the top geometers in the world - who thinks he is sitting out on Long Island counting 20 day breakouts? Ha!



5. I know this book because it is one of CAIA required reading for level 2 exam under the topic of quantitative trading strategies. I share other reviewer, this book is nothing but systematic reviews of some technical analysis techniques.

5 comments about The Bottom Billion: Why the Poorest Countries are Failing and What Can Be Done About It.

1. I really enjoyed this book. Paul Collier has taken what is a very complex issue and presented it in a concise view of the situation of the "Bottom Billion" which many of us do not really understand. Collier and his colleagues have done an enormous amount of research and analysis and have distilled that into a compelling read for anyone who worries about what's happening to our world.
   
   To me, the book shed light on the difficulty faced by the "Bottom Billion" and how, with the best of intentions, Aid organisations, the World Bank, IMF, European Union, USA, regional bodies etc can still not achieve an improvement in the lives of these people. Coordination is the key, and that is far easier said than done - and I am just wondering how the author is working to get this "Bottom Billion" discussion tabled. It would be great to follow any progress made - and I hope, for the sake of a billion lives, there is progress.



2. This book summarizes a career's worth of research in a format that both explains issues and makes suggestions in a way that does not require economics jargon translation. It is the best work I've seen that describes the effect of individual and combined local and world factors on the plight of the 'bottom Billion" mainly in land locked African nations. Without assigning blame Collier recounts the history, economic, geographic, social and leadership factors that trap these nations and make those of us committed to helping them so perplexed about why aid has not worked. He offers suggestions for growth that leave some room for optimism. What raises the work above well written editorial to convincing evidence is that Colliers's writings and suggestions are based upon consolidation of research results (that he briefly cites at the end of the work) over a long period covering the measured influence of many factors . Besides the pithy and well drawn content the writing is clear , straightforward and entertaining making it enjoyable to read.



3. This book gives great insight on how complex nations really are and that there is a soulution for every problem. Terrific reading.



4. surpasses older books on the subject; a fluid easy read yet not superficial; combines a compassionate belief that we ought to help those in extreme poverty with a critical analysis of the failings of current development aid.



5. 1. The content is substantive and occasionally provocative, but the writing's off-putting - didactic, repetitive, pedantic, occasionally patronizing - and altogether too much devoted to the personal pronoun.
   2. On second thought - after reading the 1st 98 pages - I realized it was not written for me. It's written for people at government aid agencies, NGO's, World Bank, OECD, etc. who may be well-intentioned but who lack common sense about how the world works - foolish or clueless do-gooders. This book should be sub-titled "HELPING OTHERS FOR DUMMIES".

5 comments about Beyond Candlesticks: New Japanese Charting Techniques Revealed (Wiley Finance).

1. Candlesticks are the strongest picture of the internal mass psychology driving the market. Once you have learned how to identify basic candlestick patterns from Steve Nison's first book(Japanese Candlestick Charting Techniques)you must learn how to place them in the context of everyday charts. "Beyond Candlesticks" teaches you how to identify the nuances that can make the difference between a profit and a loss. If you have wondered how to get an edge on the market, this is it. The information on how to combine candlesticks with traditional western technical anlayis, gives you the ability to create a complete trading system.



2. The underlying principles on the formation of the patterns were well discussed. Simple to understand due to actual samples.



3. The book is written in a clear, easy to follow style. The concepts, although not complex, have their nuances and these are dealt with in a way that doesn't confuse or overwhelm the reader. The exercises provided help to consolidate the knowledge gained by the reader. All in all, a very good and useful book.



4. I bought this book because candlesticks are my favorite bars and reviews here and elsewhere suggested 'Beyond Candlesticks' was better than Nison's first book. Since Nison is supposedly the "father of candlesticks", I assumed he would be the best source of information. However that is not the case. I just purchased Stephen Bigalow's candlestick book and find it a whole lot better and easier to read. Nison mentions his young children in Acknowledgements. I think they must have written and edited the book because it is so elememtary and repetitive. The spelling is terrible (Example: within a few pages we have Eastern Kodak showing an uptread on the dailey charts). Also the grammar is bad at times. It's obvious the author jotted notes in his word processor then flushed them out for all he was worth because there is little info here. There is a lot of musing and a good bit of Nison-hype. It is hard to pay attention to. Further, today's publishers don't care enough to put charts on the same page as the text and truly edit these financial books, so it's even harder to follow. Wiley Publishing is the worst. They likely did this one.



5. Absolutely an excellent book. If you want to get a comprehensive knowledge of Candlesticks reading Beyond Candlesticks and Nison's first book about candlesticks, Japanese Candlestick Charting Techniques are a must. Nison is an excellent teacher.

5 comments about Flipping Confidential: The Secrets of Renovating Property for Profit In Any Market.

1. Very detailed and provides good points that a rookie flipper would easily miss. Do recommend.



2. As a potential house flippers, we watch Property Ladder like addicts. When I saw that Kirsten had a book, I immediately bought it.
   Tons of experience = sound advice. It makes you think about one's decision to jumping into a house flip if you are not prepared, funded, or skilled.
   It reads as easy as Kirsten sounds on her show. I recommend it to anyone considering "getting rich quick" by flipping real estate.



3. The delivery was on time and the book was in great shape.I was kept up to date throughout the whole process andwill buy again.



4. Before reading Kirsten Kemp's Flipping Confidential, everything I knew about flipping I learned on TV. Thankfully, I didn't run out and buy property based on that exposure alone.
   
   In Flippng Confidential, Kemp lays out the process of finding and flipping homes in a well-organized, no-nonsense manner.
   
   While I found the book to be a good primer on the subject, there's only so much you can say in one book and it is lacking specifics in many areas. If you've never read any books on the subject, start with this book first. If you still want to flip after reading, expect that you have to go elsewhere for more in-depth information.



5. FC is not particularly in-depth but it's a good primer for anyone considering making the move into flipping. It's certainly better than most of the other books I've read on the subject. Good but for beginners only.

5 comments about Finding & Buying Your Place in Country (Finding and Buying Your Place in the Country).

1. If comprehensive is what you want, this should make you happy. The problem is that if you follow every bit of advice in this book you will have to quit your job and make finding your place a full time endeavor (or spend years part time). The advice is all good, but it almost makes the task seem more daunting, not less. Still great for learning all the issues and things to look out for, then you decide how much effort to put into footwork before buying your piece in the country



2. This guide has everything I could imagine and alot I couldn't....which is of course the point.



3. My husband and I are considering buying some undeveloped land. While we own a house, we know nothing about rural land purchases and didn't even know what questions we should be asking. This brook provided a good overview of issues to consider, and the checklist at the back of things to inspect/ask about for each property was especially helpful.



4. I read the book, it cover a lot of the things that I haven't even think about for owning land. Anyone who is looking to buy land to invest, this book is a must read.



5. This book could easily have been titled "Everything you ever needed to know about rural land sales but didn't know who to ask, or even that you should ask." The Schers give detailed explanations of very complex real estate issues that you just aren't going to be familiar with if you've only bought urban housing or have never bought property at all. I personally know people who have experienced some of the real estate and legal horrors that Les describes in this book. I'm so glad someone finally put all this information together in one somewhat easy-to-read reference... now I know how to keep myself out of the same jams! Even the things that don't specifically apply to my location are good to understand since, in some way, they might still affect me in the long run. Lots of great pointers to additional references and government/legal agencies that I've been trying to pin down.
   
   Definitely a MUST HAVE for any modern homesteader... enthusiastic two thumbs up!!!

2 comments about The End of Laissez-Faire: The Economic Consequences of the Peace (Great Minds Series).

1. Having never read Keynes before, and having only heard politicians and pundits either lionize or pillory him, I am in awe of the depth and substance of his thinking. This book, written after World War I is, in my opinion, required reading for all who would analyze our current politico-economic situation. I can't wait to get more of his stuff.



2. J.M. Keynes worked harder to destroy capitalism and free markets than any other man (except for perhaps Karl Marx). Born with a silver spoon in his mouth, he never had to create wealth, he simply wanted to re-distribute the wealth that others had created. His anti-capitalism, anti-free-market, socialist model continues to this day. Keynes never considered the act of taking income and property by force (or threat of force) from one group to give to another group (of his choice) immoral. American politicians today are Keynesians.
   
   Michael Beitler, Ph.D.
   Author, "Rational Individualism: A Moral Argument for Limited Government & Capitalism"